# Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Associated With Preeclampsia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study

## TL;DR

This study finds that pregnancies with both preeclampsia and gestational diabetes have worse outcomes for mothers and babies compared to either condition alone.

## Contribution

The study identifies the combined impact of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes on maternal and neonatal outcomes using a retrospective cohort design.

## Key findings

- Pregnancies with both preeclampsia and GDM had higher rates of cesarean section, preterm birth, and NICU admission.
- Combined preeclampsia and GDM independently predicted adverse outcomes like cesarean delivery and NICU admission.
- Maternal complications like ICU admission and postpartum hemorrhage were more frequent with both conditions.

## Abstract

Background

Preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are common pregnancy complications associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate and compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, GDM, and the coexistence of both conditions.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included 230 pregnant women who delivered at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, between January 2023 and December 2024. The participants were divided into three groups: preeclampsia only (n = 80), GDM only (n = 75), and both conditions (n = 75).

Results

The coexistence of preeclampsia and GDM was associated with the highest rates of cesarean section (82.7%, n = 62), preterm birth (46.7%, n = 35), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (49.3%, n = 37), and neonatal hypoglycemia (18.7%, n = 14). Maternal complications, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission (10.7%, n = 8) and postpartum hemorrhage (9.3%, n = 7), were also more frequent in this group. Logistic regression confirmed that combined preeclampsia and GDM independently predicted adverse outcomes such as cesarean delivery (odds ratio {OR}: 2.4), NICU admission (OR: 2.1), and preterm birth (OR: 1.9).

Conclusion

It is concluded that the co-occurrence of preeclampsia and GDM significantly worsens both maternal and neonatal outcomes compared to either condition alone. Early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and targeted interventions are crucial to mitigating these risks and improving perinatal care.