# Cognition in virtual reality: assessing user acceptability and feasibility of virtual reality cognitive screening for older adults

## TL;DR

This study explores how older adults accept and use virtual reality to assess spatial working memory, finding that familiarity with technology significantly affects usability and engagement.

## Contribution

The study introduces a semi-immersive VR task for cognitive screening and evaluates its acceptability across diverse socio-demographic groups.

## Key findings

- Participants with high technology familiarity found VRWMT easy to use and engaging.
- Low-technology-familiarity participants struggled with navigation and engagement.
- Socio-demographic factors like digital literacy and support availability influence VR adoption.

## Abstract

The global demographic shift towards an older population necessitates innovative methods to assess cognitive abilities, particularly spatial working memory, which is crucial for daily living and early detection of neurocognitive conditions like Alzheimer's disease.

This qualitative study utilised the Virtual Reality Working Memory Task (VRWMT), a semi-immersive VR activity using keyboard navigation, to assess spatial working memory in older adults. Participants were recruited from community centres and categorised by age and technological familiarity. Focus groups evaluated user perceptions based on the Technology Acceptance Model constructs: Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude Toward Usage, and Behavioural Intention to Use. The study aimed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of VRWMT across diverse populations, examining its navigational simplicity, emotional engagement, and willingness to endorse VRWMT for routine cognitive assessments.

Findings indicated significant variations in perceived usefulness, ease of use, attitude toward using, and behavioural intention to use across different age groups and socio-demographic characteristics. High-technology-familiarity participants found VRWMT easy to use and engaging, while those with low familiarity struggled with navigation and engagement. Socio-demographic factors such as limited digital literacy and lack of standby support impact technology adoption. Higher technological familiarity leads to better acceptance and feasibility of VRWMT.

VRWMT can enhance cognitive health monitoring and therapeutic interventions. The results highlighted that personalised pathways and user-friendly interfaces can improve accessibility and engagement, making VRWMT a valuable tool for cognitive assessments, as part of Occupational Therapy, in diverse populations.