# Mindfulness and MBCT-vision (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy modified for visual symptoms) for visual snow syndrome: a therapeutic perspective

## TL;DR

This paper explores how mindfulness therapy can help manage visual snow syndrome by improving attention and brain network function.

## Contribution

It introduces MBCT-vision, a modified mindfulness therapy tailored for visual symptoms in VSS.

## Key findings

- VSS symptoms may be sustained by attentional mechanisms like heightened vigilance.
- MBCT-vision improves attentional flexibility and metacognitive awareness.
- Group therapy offers validation and shared understanding for VSS patients.

## Abstract

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a neurological disorder characterized by intrusive visual symptoms and associated with dysregulation in brain networks, including the Salience Network, Default Mode Network, and thalamocortical circuits. This perspective paper examines the application of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy modified for visual symptoms (MBCT-vision) as an intervention for VSS. Drawing on clinical experience, our recent open-label study, and ongoing randomized controlled trial, we propose that VSS symptoms may perpetuate through attentional mechanisms, including heightened vigilance and threat attribution. We outline how mindfulness practices in MBCT-vision address these processes by enhancing attentional flexibility, increasing metacognitive awareness, and fostering a non-reactive stance toward symptoms. The group-based format of MBCT-vision provides additional therapeutic benefits through shared understanding and validation. We discuss potential neuroplastic mechanisms underlying observed improvements, particularly involving the Default Mode Network. This paper advances the understanding of mindfulness mechanisms in VSS and provides a foundation for developing comprehensive, evidence-based approaches that integrate neurobiological insights with person-centered therapeutic strategies for this challenging condition.