# The Chongqing Adolescent Twin Study: An Integrative Multimodal Brain Imaging and Non-imaging Dataset

## TL;DR

The CATS study provides a high-quality dataset of adolescent twins to explore how genetics and environment shape brain development and behavior.

## Contribution

CATS introduces a novel, high-quality multimodal dataset for studying adolescent brain development and psychiatric risk factors.

## Key findings

- CATS meets or exceeds HCP-D standards in MRI signal quality and image sharpness.
- High correlations with HCP-D confirm the dataset's reliability for reuse.
- The dataset enables investigation of genetic and environmental influences on adolescent brain structure and behavior.

## Abstract

Adolescence is a pivotal phase of rapid brain development shaped by
genetic and environmental factors, offering a critical window for identifying
early indicators of psychiatric disorders. The Chongqing Adolescent Twin Study
(CATS) explores genetic and environmental influences in 136 typically developing
twins aged 12 to 19. This dataset includes multimodal MRI scans (structural,
resting-state functional, and diffusion MRI) alongside extensive questionnaires
on cognitive abilities, emotional and social behaviors, familial and parenting
dynamics, sleep wellness, stress, anxiety, and depression. We describe the
dataset in detail and systematically assess its quality. When benchmarked
against the Lifespan Human Connectome Project Development (HCP-D) dataset, CATS
meets or exceeds HCP-D standards in signal quality, tissue contrast, image
sharpness, and head motion control. Preprocessing and imaging phenotype
extraction facilitate broad reuse, and high phenotype correlations with HCP-D
confirm reliability. This high-quality, multimodal resource provides a unique
opportunity to investigate how genetic and environmental factors, along with
age-related changes, shape adolescent brain structure, connectivity, and
behavior, offering critical insights for precision medicine and early
interventions in psychiatry.