# Simulation-Based Curriculum for Medical Undergraduates in Non-technical Skills

## TL;DR

This study describes the development of a simulation-based curriculum to teach non-technical skills to medical undergraduates, which was well accepted by students.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the application of Kern's six-step model to design and revise a curriculum for non-technical skills in medical undergraduates.

## Key findings

- 80.4% of students recommended simulation-based teaching for non-technical skills.
- 53.8% of students found lectures to be an important part of the teaching modality.
- The revised curriculum was well accepted by undergraduate students.

## Abstract

Introduction

Teaching and training non-technical skills (NTS) at an early stage of education can lay a strong foundation at the root level and hence ensure organizational safety culture. This study aims to describe the process through which the undergraduate curriculum was created and modified based on the needs of the students following Kern's model.

Materials and methods

After institutional ethical approval, a curriculum design using Kern's model was used to teach NTS to undergraduates (UGs) who have completed the third year of medical education, a pilot curriculum design combined didactic lectures with practical simulation sessions and debriefings. The revised curriculum was formulated based on the adjustments made based on students' needs. Implementation of the curriculum on 38 students, in a group of eight to 10, was done.

Results

A general needs assessment was established after evaluating 102 responses. Forty-eight percent opined that NTS was extremely important for patient care. About 80.4% of students recommended simulation-based teaching, and 83.3% recommended bedside problem solving. Based on the curriculum gap, crisis or non-crisis scenarios were used to train on NTS. Both lecture and simulation scenarios were used for educational strategies and program implementation. Multiple changes were incorporated into the pilot curriculum based on the roadblocks. The curriculum was implemented with 38 students, and changes in students’ behavior were assessed along with focused group discussions. All the students found the curriculum useful, and 53.8% supported that the lecture was also a very important part of the teaching modality. A revised curriculum was formulated based on students' needs.

Conclusion

Simulation and lecture-based curriculum for NTS incorporation in formal education programs of undergraduates using the Kern's six-step model was found to be well accepted by UG students.