# Sinapic acid attenuated nephrotoxicity against Cyclophosphamide in mice model: A histochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation

## TL;DR

Sinapic acid may help protect the kidneys from damage caused by the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide in mice.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates that sinapic acid reduces cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

## Key findings

- Sinapic acid reduced oxidative stress markers and improved kidney function in mice treated with cyclophosphamide.
- Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses showed reduced kidney damage and inflammation in mice given sinapic acid.
- Higher doses of sinapic acid were more effective in mitigating cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity.

## Abstract

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat various tumors. It causes nephrotoxicity by producing reactive oxygen species. Sinapic acid (SA) exhibits anti-oxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities at low doses as a phenylpropanoid. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of SA on SP-induced renal injury.

Forty-eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, SA (for seven consecutive days, with two doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg), CP (single dose, 200 mg/kg), and CP + SA (5 and 10 mg/kg). On the 10th day of the study, mice were examined by renal function markers (Urea and Creatinine), oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH), histopathological, and immunohistochemical assays (caspase-3 and NF-kB kidney).

MDA levels increased and GSH levels decreased significantly in CP-treated mice. In addition, the histopathological structure of the kidney tissue in CP-treated mice showed significantly severe kidney tissue damage associated with increased urea and creatinine. The administration of SA in CP-treated mice significantly reduced serum urea and creatinine concentrations. In addition, the immunohistochemical staining of caspase- 3 and NF-kB decreased significantly in the CP + SA group compared to CP-treated mice.

Overall, our study suggests that sinapic acid, a substance with antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, can be used as a complementary therapy to protect nephrotoxicity against CP.