Refractive Profile and Angle of Deviation in Patients with Congenital Esotropia and Congenital Exotropia

TL;DR

The study compares refractive errors and eye deviation angles in children with congenital esotropia and exotropia, finding distinct patterns between the two conditions.

Contribution

The paper provides new insights into the refractive profiles and deviation angles specific to congenital esotropia and exotropia in young children.

Findings

Patients with congenital esotropia showed significantly higher hyperopia compared to those with congenital exotropia.

The mean horizontal deviation at near was similar in both groups, but the distribution of deviation ranges differed.

The study identified distinct refractive profiles for congenital esotropia and exotropia in young children.

Abstract

To compare refractive error and angle of deviation in patients with congenital esotropia (CET) and congenital exotropia (CXT).

This retrospective study reviewed the medical documents of 246 patients with CET (n = 206) and CXT (n = 40) admitted to Farabi Eye Hospital, Iran, from 2012 to 2022. All patients were between 6 and 12 months old at the time of admission. Refractive error components and angles of deviation in these patients were recorded and analyzed.

In patients with CET, the mean sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (SE) were 2.59 ± 2.28 diopters (D), –0.42 ± 0.57 D, and 2.38 ± 2.28 D, respectively. Also, the mean horizontal deviation at near was 45.5 ± 12.3 prism diopters (Δ) (range, 20–98 Δ). The most common range was 44–55 Δ (40%), followed by 33–44 Δ (28%) and 55–65 Δ (12%). On the other hand, the mean sphere, cylinder, and SE in patients with CXT were 1.88 ± 1.84 D, –0.39 ± 0.69 D, and 1.69 ± 1.74 D, respectively. Also, the mean horizontal deviation at near was 45.0 ± 17.1 Δ (range, 20–105 Δ). For the CXT group, deviation ranges of 33–44 Δ (37%), 44–55 Δ (32%), and 22–33 Δ (15%) were most prevalent. The mean sphere and SE were significantly higher in the CET group than in the CXT group (P = 0.010).

This study found a distinct refractive profile and distribution of the angle of deviation in patients with CET versus CXT. Patients with CET demonstrated significantly greater hyperopia than those with CXT.

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