# Preparation of Microcellular High-Density Polyethylene with Thermal Expandable Microspheres

## TL;DR

This paper studies how to create lightweight, strong high-density polyethylene foam using thermal expandable microspheres and injection molding.

## Contribution

The study identifies optimal injection parameters for producing microcellular HDPE with improved mechanical properties.

## Key findings

- Shorter injection time and higher nozzle temperature increase the expansion ratio of microspheres in HDPE.
- Higher TEM content reduces crystallinity, leading to lower Young’s modulus and tensile strength.
- At 1.5 wt.% TEMs, 2.0 s injection time, and 210 °C nozzle temperature, the foam showed excellent mechanical properties.

## Abstract

The microstructure and mechanical properties of foamed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) prepared with thermal expandable microspheres (TEMs) by an injection molding method were investigated, especially for the effect of different injection times, nozzle temperatures, and TEM contents. The results showed that it was beneficial to increase the expansion ratio in the HDPE of microspheres with a shorter injection time and higher nozzle temperature. However, the addition of TEMs reduced the crystallinity of the foamed HDPE, and the crystallinity decreases further with the increasing TEMs content, which led to the decrease in Young’s modulus and tensile strength. When the nozzle temperature reached 220 °C, the mechanical properties of the foamed HDPE diminished significantly due to the collapse of the internal cells. At the TEMs content of 1.5 wt.%, an injection time of 2.0 s, and a nozzle temperature of 210 °C, a foamed HDPE was prepared with a cell size of 89.72 μm and a cell density of 4.39 × 108 cells/cm3. This foam exhibited a reduction density of 5.75%, a tensile strength of 22.6 MPa, and a Yang’s modulus of 1172.3 MPa, demonstrating excellent overall mechanical properties.