Prophylactic Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Implantation Reduces Peri-Interventional Myocardial Injury During High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Presenting with Low Normal Blood Pressure and with Heart Failure

TL;DR

Prophylactic use of an intra-aortic balloon pump during high-risk heart procedures reduces heart muscle damage and improves survival in patients with low blood pressure and heart failure.

Contribution

The study identifies specific patient conditions where early intra-aortic balloon pump use is most beneficial during high-risk heart interventions.

Findings

Prophylactic IABP reduced peri-interventional myocardial injury as measured by lower hsTnT increase.

Patients with low systolic blood pressure and high NT-proBNP levels benefited more from P-IABP than R-IABP.

Higher peri-interventional hsTnT increase was linked to shorter survival times.

Abstract

Background: Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) augments coronary perfusion during high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). We sought to identify patients who benefited from prophylactic IABP (P-IABP) compared to rescue-IABP (R-IABP). Methods: All consecutive non-cardiogenic shock patients undergoing high-risk PCI with IABP support at Ulm University Hospital, Germany, between 2012 and 2020 were grouped based on the timing of IABP insertion in the pre-interventional P-IABP or peri-interventional R-IABP group. We compared the primary endpoint peri-interventional high-sensitivity Troponin T (hsTnT) increase, sought baseline characteristics associated with the endpoint in the R-IABP group, and compared their correlation strengths between the groups. Results: Interventional outcomes of 44 patients with P-IABP implantation were compared with those of 15 patients with R-IABP implantation. P-IABP was associated with a lower peri-interventional hsTnT increase (p = 0.008, r = 0.390). In the R-IABP group, the presence of ST-segment elevation (p = 0.037, r = 0.631), low systolic blood pressure (RRsyst) (p = 0.007, r = 0.893 (inverse correlation)), and elevated NT-proBNP levels (p < 0.001, r = 0.953) were associated with higher hsTnT increases. HsTnT increase was significantly smaller in the P-IABP group in patients with low RRsyst (IZI = 2.6) and high NT-proBNP levels (IZI = 3.36). Patients with RRsyst < 120 mmHg (p = 0.007) and NT-proBNP levels ≥ 900 pg/mL (Cohen’s d = 0.70, respectively 1.17 for ≥5000 pg/mL and 5.01 for ≥10,000 pg/mL) showed lower peri-interventional hsTnT increase when treated with P-IABP compared to R-IABP, while patients with NT-proBNP levels < 900 pg/mL showed a contrary effect (Cohen’s d = −0.90). Cox regression analysis showed that a high peri-interventional hsTnT increase was significantly associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.046). Conclusions: P-IABP use in high-risk PCI was associated with reduced peri-interventional myocardial injury, as measured by lower hsTnT increase, which was associated with improved survival in patients with low systolic blood pressure and elevated NT-proBNP levels. Thus, these conditions should be considered for indicating P-IABP.

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