# Cushioning Performance of Specialized Running Socks for Enhanced Shock Absorption and Reduced Plantar Pressure

## TL;DR

Specialized running socks made with bio-based materials can reduce foot pressure and improve shock absorption during running.

## Contribution

The study introduces the effectiveness of bio-composite fiber socks in reducing plantar pressure and enhancing cushioning.

## Key findings

- Specialized socks with bio-composite fibers significantly reduced peak pressure and impulse in the great toe and first metatarsal head.
- Ground contact time in the forefoot area was significantly lower with specialized running socks.
- Five-toed socks reduced pressure load on the forefoot compared to regular socks.

## Abstract

Running socks play an important role in alleviating foot impact and preventing foot injuries. Despite the variety of commercial options, their cushioning effectiveness is not well understood. This study examines three different types of running socks made of bio-based and synthetic textiles. Material testing includes compression, tensile, and shock absorption, while wear tests assess plantar loading in 10 adult recreational runners on a treadmill. Results show that specialized running socks offer superior shock absorption compared to regular running socks, largely due to fabric thickness and weight. Socks made of high-performance bio-composite fibers significantly reduced maximum peak pressure and impulse in the great toe (p < 0.05) and first metatarsal head (p < 0.05) during running. Additionally, ground contact time in the forefoot (p < 0.05) area was significantly lower with specialized running socks. Compared to regular running socks, five-toed running socks can reduce the pressure load on the forefoot area. These findings can guide the design of specialized sockwear for better foot protection and improved sports performance.