# Effect of 3 wt% Cu on the Microstructure and Hardness of a Ti-10Ta-1.6Zr Alloy

## TL;DR

Adding 3% copper to a titanium alloy changes its microstructure and increases hardness, possibly making it a better biocompatible material for medical use.

## Contribution

The study reveals how copper affects the microstructure and hardness of a Ti-10Ta-1.6Zr alloy, offering a biocompatible alternative to Ti-6Al-4V.

## Key findings

- Copper increases the fraction of β transformed to fine α′ lamellae in the alloy.
- Copper reduces tantalum solubility in the β phase.
- The alloy with copper showed higher hardness, likely due to martensitic transformation.

## Abstract

Alloys of Ti-10Ta-1.6Zr (wt%) with and without 3 wt% Cu made by arc-melting, heat-treated in two stages and quenched to have α + β microstructures were studied. These alloys were studied for potential replacement of Ti-6Al-4V alloys because Ta and Zr are more biocompatible than Al and V, and copper was added for potential antimicrobial properties. The heat-treated samples were investigated by SEM-EDX, transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) and XRD. When studied at a higher magnification, the heat-treated alloys revealed a bi-lamellar microstructure, consisting of broad α lamellae and β transformed to fine α′ lamellae with various orientations. The fraction β transformed to fine α′ lamellae was higher in the alloy with Cu than that without Cu. Furthermore, copper was found to lower the solubility of tantalum in the β. The hardest alloy was the heat-treated alloy containing Cu, albeit with a wide standard deviation, probably due to the high fraction of martensitically transformed β.