# Recrystallization and Second-Phase Precipitation in Nb-V Microalloyed Steels: A Thermal Simulation Study

## TL;DR

This study explores how deformation and temperature affect recrystallization and second-phase precipitation in Nb-V microalloyed steel during rolling.

## Contribution

The study reveals how Nb-V microalloying enhances grain refinement and accelerates second-phase precipitation compared to Nb steel.

## Key findings

- Nb-V steel shows more pronounced grain refinement than Nb steel during recrystallization.
- Second-phase particles in Nb-V steel are smaller and more uniformly dispersed than in Nb steel.
- Nb-V microalloying accelerates second-phase precipitation kinetics and hinders grain-boundary motion.

## Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between recrystallization behavior and second-phase precipitation in Nb-V microalloyed steel during the rough rolling stage through thermal simulation experiments. The effects of deformation amount and temperature on austenite recrystallization were analyzed, alongside thermodynamic and kinetic calculations to assess the influence of Nb-V microalloying on second-phase precipitation. The results show that both the deformation amount and temperature significantly affect recrystallization, with Nb-V steel exhibiting more pronounced grain refinement compared to Nb steel. Significant differences in the type, morphology, and size distribution of second-phase precipitates were observed, with Nb-V steel primarily precipitating (Nb, V)C, while Nb steel only precipitates NbC. The average size of second-phase particles in Nb-V steel (10.60 nm) is smaller and more uniformly dispersed than in Nb steel (33.85 nm). Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses indicate that Nb-V microalloying accelerates second-phase precipitation kinetics. Moreover, second-phase particles hinder grain-boundary motion during recrystallization, with their effect surpassing that of Nb and V solid-solution atoms. These findings enhance the understanding of Nb-V composites in refining austenite grain size and promoting second-phase precipitation, providing valuable insights into the design and processing of high-performance microalloyed steels.