# Low-Temperature Uniaxial Orientation Effect on the Structure and Piezoelectric Properties of the Vinylidene Fluoride-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer Films

## TL;DR

This study explores how stretching a specific polymer film at low temperatures affects its structure and piezoelectric properties.

## Contribution

The novel finding is the significant enhancement of piezoelectric coefficient d33 due to low-temperature uniaxial stretching.

## Key findings

- Uniaxial stretching increased the piezoelectric coefficient d33 from 5 pC/N to 16–20 pC/N.
- The amorphous phase of the polymer contributes to piezoelectric properties.
- Low-temperature stretching and polarization improved domain structure and local piezoelectric performance.

## Abstract

This paper considers the uniaxial orientation effect on the structure and piezoelectric properties of vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer ferroelectric films. The films were exposed to uniaxial orientation stretching in a temperature range from 20 °C to 60 °C; then, they were contact polarized under normal conditions. The temperature dependence of the electric strength was determined. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33 values were measured by the quasi-static Berlincourt method. The piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) method was used to investigate the film domain structure before and after polarization, and the local piezoelectric coefficient values were also calculated. Phase composition was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy with the Fourier transform. It was found that uniaxial orientation stretching contributed to an increase in the piezoelectric coefficient d33 from 5 pC/N to 16–20 pC/N. The results obtained indicate the importance of the amorphous phase contribution to the formation of the piezoelectric properties in polymeric materials.