# Evaluation of Enamel Surface Roughness and Volumetric Change after Resin Remnant Removal following Orthodontic Bracket Debonding

## TL;DR

This study compares different methods for removing leftover resin from teeth after orthodontic brackets are removed, focusing on how much enamel is lost and how rough the tooth surface becomes.

## Contribution

The study introduces a combined visual and volumetric evaluation method to assess enamel changes after resin removal techniques.

## Key findings

- Using magnification during resin removal reduces both enamel volumetric loss and surface roughness.
- Diamond bur causes the highest enamel loss and surface roughness compared to other techniques.
- SofLex Disc provides the least surface roughness but causes more enamel loss than carbide bur.

## Abstract

To evaluate surface roughness and volumetric change of enamel after using different resin remnant removal (RRR) techniques, following orthodontic bracket debonding.

Metal orthodontic brackets (Mini Twin Brackets, RMO) were bonded to 60 human (central or lateral) labial mid-third surfaces, and debonded 24 h after by a single orthodontist. The remaining composites were completely removed with the fluorescence light guidance by the D-Light-Pro led curing unit (GC/detection mode). The removal procedures were performed without magnification (n = 30) or with 20× magnification/5500 K illumination by a dental microscope (OMS2000, Zumax) (n = 30). Three RRR techniques were used: 12-bladed carbide bur (Horico), red-banded diamond bur (Horico), SofLex Disc (medium/40 μm, fine/24 μm, and superfine/8 µm; 3M). Surface changes were evaluated visually through microscope photographs by enamel surface index (ESI) and volumetrically by overlapping the three-dimensional images of a laser scanner device (LAS-20, SD-Mechatronik) in the Geomagic Design X (3D Systems) software. The deemed significance was set at <0.050 for the statistical analyses.

A positive, strong correlation was found between visual and volumetric change scores (P <0.001). Lesser volumetric loss (P <0.001) and roughness (P = 0.009) were observed for all RRR techniques when the magnification was used. Volumetric loss (mm
3
) by diamond bur was significantly the highest [1.85(1–3)a], followed by SofLex Disc [1.1(1–1)c] and carbide bur [0.59(0–1)b](P <0.001). Visual surface roughness scores (Ra) were statistically significantly higher for diamond bur [4.5(4–5)b](P <0.001), followed by carbide bur 2(1–3)a and SofLex Disc 1(1–2)a.

Surface roughness should always be assessed together with the volumetric enamel loss for the selection of RRR technique. Red-banded diamond bur should not be used for RRR. Even though the least surface roughness can be provided by SofLex Disc system, it can provide more intact enamel surface loss than the carbide bur. Magnification was considered useful for the RRR to provide a smoother surface while better preserving the intact enamel tissue.