# The relaxant effect of the extract of Crocus sativus petal on Wistar rats airway smooth muscle and its possible mechanisms

## TL;DR

This study shows that an extract from Crocus sativus petals can relax airway muscles in rats, possibly by blocking histamine receptors and reducing inflammation.

## Contribution

The study identifies histamine and cyclooxygenase pathways as key mechanisms for the relaxant effect of Crocus sativus petal extract on airway smooth muscle.

## Key findings

- Crocus sativus petal extract caused concentration-dependent relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle in Wistar rats.
- The relaxant effect was reduced when tissues were incubated with chlorpheniramine and indomethacin.
- The extract's effect may involve histamine receptor inhibition and cyclooxygenase pathway suppression.

## Abstract

Obstructive pulmonary diseases are characterized by airflow limitation secondary to airway wall thickening, airway narrowing and increased mucus secretion. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has shown different effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties and promising effects for treating multiple disorders. In this study, the contribution of calcium and potassium channels, muscarinic and histamine (H1) receptors in the relaxant effect of the C. sativus petal extract on tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) was assessed.

Fifty-four male Wistar rats divided in 8 groups, were studied. TSM was contracted by 10 μM methacholine or 60 mM KCl for 5 min, and the relaxant effects of cumulative concentrations of C. sativus petal extract (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/ml), theophylline (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mM) or 1 mL normal saline were tested. In non-incubated TSM and in TSM groups incubated with diltiazem, chlorpheniramine, propranolol, glibenclamide, atropine and indomethacin, the relaxant effects of the extract were evaluated.

The concentration-dependent relaxant effects of C. sativus petal extract on non-incubated TSM contracted by methacholine or KCl, were observed (for all, p<0.001). The relaxant effects of C. sativus petal extract in TSM incubated with chlorpheniramine and indomethacin, were significantly reduced compared to non-incubated tissues (p<0.05 to p<0.001).

The results showed an obvious relaxation effect of the petal of C. sativus extract on TSM and suggest that inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathway and histamine receptors contribute to the extract relaxant effect of the extract.