# Personalized trajectory inference framework integrating driving behavior recognition and temporal dependency learning

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new framework that improves vehicle trajectory predictions by recognizing driving styles and learning temporal dependencies, enhancing driving safety.

## Contribution

The novel DS-TCTM framework integrates driving style recognition and personalized trajectory prediction using a multi-level neural architecture.

## Key findings

- DS-TCTM achieves a mean RMSE of 4.46 and NLL of 3.89 with significant error reduction after hyperparameter optimization.
- The model outperforms baseline models in long-term trajectory predictions.
- Driving style classification into conservative, moderate, and radical categories improves prediction accuracy.

## Abstract

This study proposes a Driving style-Tri Channel Trajectory Model (DS-TCTM) to enhance vehicle trajectory prediction accuracy and driving safety. The framework operates through three rigorously designed stages: (1)Data preprocessing involving kinematics feature extraction, (2)Driving style recognition utilizing acceleration variation rate and average time headway combined with K-Means++ traffic density clustering and K-neighbor Gaussian mixture model (K-GMM) analysis to classify driving behaviors into conservative, moderate, and radical categories, and (3)Personalized trajectory prediction employing a multi-level neural architecture with dedicated sub-networks for distinct driving styles. Experimental evaluations demonstrate DS-TCTM’s superior performance across multiple dimensions. The model achieves a mean RMSE of 4.46 and NLL of 3.89 across varying prediction horizons, with 35.8% error reduction attained after 100 hyperparameter optimization iterations. Comparative analysis with baseline models (LSTM, Social-LSTM, Social-Velocity-LSTM, Convolutional-Social-LSTM) reveals particularly enhanced accuracy in long-term predictions. These results confirm DS-TCTM’s effectiveness in capturing driving style impacts on trajectory patterns, providing reliable prediction enhancements for vehicle safety systems. This methodology advances personalized trajectory modeling with practical intelligent transportation applications.