# Clinical Epidemiology and Molecular Investigation of Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 Infection in Naturally Infected Domestic Cats in Bangladesh

## TL;DR

This study investigates Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 in cats in Bangladesh, finding high infection rates and identifying risk factors and treatment outcomes.

## Contribution

The study reports the first detection patterns of Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 in Bangladesh and provides insights into its clinical and evolutionary characteristics.

## Key findings

- Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 was detected in 99% of tested cats in Bangladesh.
- Young and non-vaccinated cats were most commonly infected.
- Phylogenetic analysis showed the virus shares a common ancestor with global isolates.

## Abstract

The infection of cats with Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 is a global concern due to the likelihood of infection from multiple genetically similar viruses.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the clinico‐molecular epidemiology of Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 infection in naturally infected domestic cats in Bangladesh.

Rectal swabs (N = 100) were collected from cats manifesting clinical signs and screened for the presence of Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Selected positive samples (n = 38) were partially sequenced for molecular analysis. A structured questionnaire was developed to estimate potential risk factors for Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 infection, clinical and therapeutic outcomes and overall associations among the variables. Data were analysed using descriptive, univariable and multivariable statistical techniques.

The overall PCR detection rate of the targeted Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 virus was 99% (99/100). Young and non‐vaccinated animals were mostly infected (p < 0.05). The mortality and case fatality of infected cats were 10% and 45%, respectively. The clinical outcomes did not vary between animals receiving different therapeutic groups (p = 0.19). The phylogenetic analysis suggests that Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 isolates share a common ancestor with isolates from different global regions.

The findings indicate that Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 is circulating in Bangladesh. The clinico‐epidemiological and evolutionary outcomes can be used as a guide for future preventive and control measures against parvovirus infection, both locally and internationally.

The current study reports on the detection patterns of PPVC‐1 in cats in the Chattogram district of Bangladesh during the recent outbreak. The associated risk factors and clinical symptoms specific to the virus are identified. Additionally, the therapeutic outcomes in cats that received different treatment protocols are reported.