Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of cone beam computed tomography on exfoliated epithelial cells in different age groups

TL;DR

This study examines the harmful effects of dental CT scans on cheek cells in adults and children, finding damage in both groups but more cell damage in younger patients.

Contribution

The study provides new evidence on the age-related differences in genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of CBCT on epithelial cells.

Findings

CBCT exposure caused significant increases in micronucleus counts and cytological changes in both age groups.

Younger patients showed more pronounced cytotoxic effects compared to adults.

No significant differences were found between age groups in genotoxic effects after CBCT exposure.

Abstract

Radiographic examination is an essential method for dental practitioners. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is considered a common radiographic technique for dental problems. However, there are serious concerns regarding the biological effects of radiation, particularly at a young age. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cone beam computed tomography on the exfoliated buccal epithelial cells in two distinct age groups.

Forty patients were included in the current study. They were divided into two groups: group I included patients ≥ 18 years old, and group II included those ˂18 years old. They experienced CBCT as part of a diagnostic procedure. Cells were collected before CBCT exposure and 10–12 days after CBCT exposure. The Papanicolaou method was utilized to stain cytological smears. Micronuclei count and cytotoxic cellular alterations (Karyolysis, Pyknosis, and Karyorrhexis) were assessed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two studied groups for non-normally distributed data. A two-way ANOVA test was used to study the combined effect of two independent factors on dependent continuous outcomes.

In groups I and II, there were statistically significant differences in micronucleus counts and cytological changes before and after CBCT exposure. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in micronucleus counts and cytological changes after CBCT exposure.

CBCT induces genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in both age groups, with cytotoxicity more evident in younger patients. Therefore, clinical justification is required before using CBCT.

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