# Flexible feature mapping topology optimization using NURBS-based component projection

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new topology optimization method using NURBS to create flexible feature shapes in design optimization.

## Contribution

The novel method uses NURBS-based projection to allow flexible feature shapes in topology optimization.

## Key findings

- NURBS-based feature shapes provide high flexibility in topology optimization.
- The method integrates with conventional density-based formulations and allows precise control over feature shapes.
- Regularization is needed to ensure optimization stability with flexible NURBS features.

## Abstract

A novel feature mapping topology optimization method is presented, allowing for the creation of features with highly flexible shapes. The method easily integrates with conventional density-based formulations. Feature shapes are implicitly described by NURBS control points. The feature shape dictates the locations of two sets of projection points to represent the solid void boundaries. At these projection points, density values are projected onto a finite element mesh. The method optimizes feature shapes in a gradient-based manner, while allowing more specific control of the feature shapes than classical level set methods. Several feature fields can be combined to create a final output design. It is found that the eminent flexibility of the NURBS-based feature definition is a benefit but also requires additional regularization to guarantee stability of the optimization.