# Workplace violence among nurses working in public hospitals in Northern Ethiopia; a mixed method study

## TL;DR

This study found that over half of nurses in Northern Ethiopia's public hospitals experienced workplace violence in the past year, with factors like working in emergency departments and being understaffed contributing to the issue.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence among nurses in Northern Ethiopia using a mixed-methods approach.

## Key findings

- 62.8% of nurses experienced workplace violence in the last 12 months.
- Working in emergency departments and being understaffed significantly increased the risk of violence.
- Married nurses and those with good performance had a lower risk of experiencing violence.

## Abstract

Workplace violence has become a warning universal phenomenon, particularly affecting healthcare workers, especially nurses. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of workplace violence and its associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals in Northern Ethiopia.

A mixed-methods study was conducted at a hospital in Northern Ethiopia among 416 nurses using a self-administered questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the participants. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. For the qualitative part, critical case purposive sampling was used to select respondents, and data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth interviews. Finally, inductive thematic analysis was performed on the data using ATLAS.ti 23.

The prevalence of workplace violence among nurses in the last 12 months was 62.8% (95% CI, 57.5–76.3). Working in the emergency department was associated with a significantly increased risk (AOR = 4.97, 95% CI: 1.10–22.70, p = 0.039). Conversely, being married (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34–0.98, p = 0.046) and having a good work performance (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36–0.96, p = 0.03) were associated with a significantly decreased risk. Additionally, having 1–5 staff members in the same working area (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.12–10.40, p = 0.030) and working alone (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.34–4.10, p = 0.003) were significant factors. Nurses perceived understaffing, shortage of drugs and supplies, lack of security, and lack of management attention to workplace violence as the main reasons behind these incidents.

Workplace violence among nurses was found to be significantly high in the study area. We recommend that it is essential for the health sector to establish a strong system for preventing and reporting incidents of workplace violence by involving medical personnel.