Quantitative analysis of intraocular pressure and clinical-morphometric characteristics in Peters’ anomaly: a single-center study

TL;DR

This study examines intraocular pressure and eye characteristics in children with Peters’ anomaly, finding that glaucoma often appears after six months of age.

Contribution

The study provides new insights into the age-related risk of glaucoma in Peters’ anomaly using clinical and morphometric data.

Findings

Glaucoma was diagnosed in 48.3% of patients, with higher prevalence in children over 6 months old.

Horizontal corneal diameter and axial length in Peters’ anomaly often fall within normal ranges.

Unique corneal biomechanics may explain normal HCD and AL despite the condition.

Abstract

To quantitatively analyze intraocular pressure (IOP) alongside clinical and morphometric findings in a cohort of children with Peters’ anomaly (PA).

This single-center retrospective study included a series of 46 children with PA. Glaucoma diagnosis in a subset was based on abnormal values of IOP, horizontal corneal diameter (HCD), or axial length (AL), individually or combined, compared to pediatric controls utilizing age-specific normative data. Patients were clinically classified into Peters I, II, III, and Peters-plus syndrome. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was performed in 10 children.

The cohort of 46 children comprised 27 males and 19 females. All presented with central discoid corneal opacities; 33 cases were bilateral, 13 unilateral. Clinical classifications included 26 Peters I, 10 Peters II, 7 Peters III, and 3 Peters-plus syndrome. In the 29 children analyzed for biometrics, the median age at diagnosis was 7 months (IQR: 1.00–21.00). Median AL was 20.84 mm (IQR: 19.36–22.47 mm) for OD and 20.19 mm (IQR: 18.67–24.05 mm) for OS. Median HCD was 11.5 mm (IQR: 10.50–12.50 mm) for OD and 11.5 mm (IQR: 10.50–13.00 mm) for OS. Glaucoma was diagnosed in 14 patients (48.3%). A significant increase in glaucoma prevalence was observed in children >6 months old (53.6%) compared to those 0–6 months old (26.7%) (p = 0.03).

HCD and AL in PA often remain within normal limits, suggesting unique corneal biomechanics. Glaucoma in PA frequently manifests after 6 months of age, necessitating continuous monitoring.

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