# The Sunny Side of the Network Approach to Psychopathology: Comparing Nodes as Either Problems or Strengths

## TL;DR

This study explores how personal symptom networks can include both problems and strengths to improve mental health case conceptualizations.

## Contribution

The study introduces the use of salutogenic factors in personal symptom networks alongside traditional pathogenic factors.

## Key findings

- Adolescents found salutogenic networks easier to create but found pathogenic networks more useful.
- Therapists rated salutogenic networks as more informative and clinically useful.
- Both groups emphasized the value of using both types of networks together.

## Abstract

Personalized symptom networks are emerging as a tool to enhance psychiatric case conceptualizations. However, applications of the approach have so far focused on illness-causing (pathogenic) factors and their relationships with each other, whereas it is possible that a useful case conceptualization needs to include health-promoting (salutogenic) factors. The aim of this study was to investigate adolescents' and clinicians' evaluations of pathogenic and salutogenic idiographic networks.

Networks were created for nine adolescent women by using the PECAN (Perceived Causal Networks) method. For every participant two networks were produced: one consisted of symptoms, such as “stuck in negative thoughts” as nodes (pathogenetic), the other health-promoting factors, such as “can let go of negative thoughts” as nodes (salutogenic). The same nine adolescents (Study I) and twenty therapists (Study II) evaluated these networks.

Adolescents evaluated their salutogenic networks as easier to define and create, but their pathogenic network as more useful. Therapists considered both methods to be clinically useful, but in general rated the salutogenic networks to be more informative. Both adolescents and therapists stressed the complementary use of salutogenic and pathogenic networks.

Future studies should explore ways to integrate pathogenic and salutogenic nodes in the same network, and compare whether patients collecting longitudinal data might be differentially impacted by a focus on either symptoms or strengths.

Person-specific networks could complement traditional case conceptualization by integrating both symptoms and resilience factors.