# Exploring physical activity patterns in adolescents with hypermobility spectrum disorder or hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

## TL;DR

Adolescents with HSD/hEDS are less physically active and sleep more restlessly than healthy peers, which may affect their health.

## Contribution

This study provides objective data on physical activity and sleep patterns in adolescents with HSD/hEDS using accelerometers.

## Key findings

- Adolescents with HSD/hEDS spent more time in sedentary behavior and less in moderate-to-vigorous activity.
- They exhibited more sleep movement during the night compared to healthy controls.
- No confirmed association was found between fatigue and movement behavior after accounting for pain catastrophizing.

## Abstract

Pain and fatigue are cardinal symptoms in adolescents with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD) and Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS). Adolescents with HSD/hEDS are assumed to be less physically active as compared to healthy peers, possibly contributing to poorer health, but objectively measured data are lacking. The primary study aim was to investigate physical activity patterns (daytime and nighttime movement behavior) using accelerometers in adolescents with HSD/hEDS versus a control group. The secondary aim was investigation of any association between fatigue and movement behavior, acknowledging pain catastrophizing as a confounder.

Thirty-seven adolescents with HSD/hEDS and 45 healthy adolescents (aged 13–17 years) participated. Physical activity was measured with Axivity AX3 triaxial accelerometer and an activity-sleep diary was used for assessing time in bed. Fatigue was assessed with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - Multidimensional Fatigue Scale and pain catastrophizing with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for children.

Adolescents with HSD/hEDS spent significantly more time in sedentary behavior (SED), less time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and exhibited significantly more sleep movement during night compared to the control group. An association between fatigue and SED, MVPA daytime or sleep movement in adolescents with HSD/hEDS, with pain catastrophizing as confounder, could not be confirmed.

According to this study, adolescents with HSD/hEDS exhibited physical activity behaviors at levels that are associated to poorer health compared to healthy peers. Measures need to be taken to design health promoting programs for these adolescents, including physical activity and sleep health, using a biopsychosocial approach that considers physical, psychological, and social factors.

linicalTrials.gov PRS: Protocol Section NCT05633225.