# Nanovaccines against Cervical Cancer: Reliable Strategies to Circumvent Limitations of Traditional Therapeutic Vaccines

## TL;DR

This paper explores nanovaccines as a promising alternative to traditional vaccines for treating cervical cancer by improving immune response and reducing side effects.

## Contribution

The paper introduces nanovaccine platforms as a novel strategy to overcome the limitations of traditional therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer.

## Key findings

- Nanovaccines enhance immune responses and reduce side effects by efficiently delivering vaccine components.
- Nanoparticles offer advantages like antigen loading, APC uptake, and precise targeting.
- Nanovaccines enable the development of personalized vaccines for cervical cancer.

## Abstract

Cervical cancer ranks fourth in terms of diagnosis and cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Despite the approval of prophylactic vaccines against cervical cancers, these vaccines are not able to eradicate the existing ones. Therefore, various platforms have been developed to design therapeutic vaccines against cervical cancers, including DNA/RNA-based, protein/peptide-based, vector-based, and cell-based platforms. Despite the advantages of each platform, therapeutic vaccines have displayed limited clinical benefit in patients with cervical cancer, which is partially associated with inefficient delivery of vaccine components. To address these issues, different nanoplatforms have been developed to carry cellular or molecular components of vaccines to target cells and lymphoid tissues, thus promoting the durability and potency of immune responses against tumor cells and antigens besides decreasing side effects. Moreover, nanoparticles (NPs), as adjuvants and/or carriers, provide other advantages, including sufficient antigen loading and uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), adaptable antigen presentation, high immunogenicity, high stability, increased lymph node retention, and precise targeting. Thus, nanovaccines also lead us to design and develop personalized vaccines against cervical cancer. Here, we discuss platforms that have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of cervical cancer, their advantages and disadvantages, platforms for developing nanovaccines, and how they improve the therapeutic efficacy of vaccines.