# Deep learning-based risk stratification of ductal carcinoma in situ using mammography and abbreviated breast magnetic resonance imaging

## TL;DR

This study uses deep learning and MRI to better predict the risk of ductal carcinoma in situ, helping avoid unnecessary treatments.

## Contribution

A novel deep learning approach for risk stratification of ductal carcinoma in situ using mammography and abbreviated MRI.

## Key findings

- Abbreviated MRI protocols showed similar diagnostic accuracy to full MRI protocols.
- Deep learning models achieved high accuracy in predicting pure and invasive ductal carcinoma in situ.
- The models demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility for risk stratification.

## Abstract

Current management of ductal carcinoma in situ lacks robust risk stratification tools, leading to universal surgical and radiotherapy interventions despite heterogeneous progression risks. Optimizing therapeutic balance remains a critical unmet clinical need.

We retrospectively analyzed two patient cohorts. The first included 173 cases with BI-RADS category 3 or higher findings, used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of four abbreviated MRI protocols against the full diagnostic MRI. The second cohort involved 210 patients who had both mammography and abbreviated MRI. We developed two separate predictive models—one for pure ductal carcinoma in situ and another for invasive ductal carcinoma with associated ductal carcinoma in situ—by integrating clinical, imaging, and pathological features. Deep learning and natural language processing techniques were used to extract relevant features, and model performance was assessed using bootstrap validation.

Abbreviated Magnetic Resonance Imaging protocols demonstrated similar diagnostic accuracy to the full protocol (P > 0.05), offering a faster yet effective imaging option. The pure group incorporated features like nuclear grade, calcification morphology, and lesion size, achieving an Area Under the Curve of 0.905, with 86.8% accuracy and an F1 score of 0.853. The model for invasive cases incorporated features Ki-67 status, lymph vascular invasion, and enhancement patterns, achieved an Area Under the Curve of 0.880, with 86.2% accuracy and an F1 score of 0.834. Both models showed good calibration and clinical utility, as confirmed by bootstrap resampling and decision curve analysis.

Deep Learning-driven multimodal models enable precise ductal carcinoma in situ risk stratification, addressing overtreatment challenges. abbreviated Magnetic Resonance Imaging achieves diagnostic parity with full diagnostic protocol, positioning Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a viable ductal carcinoma in situ screening modality.