# A comparative study on parental rearing styles and competitive attitudes among college students from different family income backgrounds

## TL;DR

This study compares how parental rearing styles and competitive attitudes differ between college students from low-income and non-low-income families.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific rearing style factors that influence competitive attitudes in students from different income backgrounds.

## Key findings

- Low-income students differ in parental emotional warmth, rejection, and competitive attitudes compared to non-low-income students.
- Emotional warmth correlates with benign competitiveness, while rejection correlates with malignant competitiveness.
- Positive parenting improves well-being and promotes healthy competitiveness in low-income students.

## Abstract

To explore the differences in parental rearing styles and competitive attitudes between college students from low-income and non-low-income families. The goal is to provide insights into their holistic development and psychological adaptation in diverse competitive environments.

A total of 1,000 college students were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran questionnaire, and the Competitive Attitude Scale. Among them, 188 were identified as low-income students and 750 as non-low-income students.

(1) Significant differences were observed between low-income and non-low-income students in parental emotional warmth and understanding, paternal denial and rejection, maternal favoritism, and malignant competitive attitude (p < 0.05). (2) Parental emotional warmth and understanding were positively correlated with benign competitive attitude (p < 0.01). (3) Parental rejection, denial, favoritism, and overprotection were negatively correlated with malignant competitive attitude (p < 0.05). (4) Paternal punishment and strictness were positively correlated with malignant competitive attitude (p < 0.01).

Positive parental rearing styles enhance the subjective well-being of low-income students and foster benign competitive attitudes, whereas negative parental rearing styles reduce well-being and promote excessive competitive tendencies.