Dynamic PET imaging in patients with unilateral carotid occlusion shows lateralized cerebral hypoperfusion, but no amyloid binding

TL;DR

This study found that patients with a blocked carotid artery have reduced blood flow in the affected brain hemisphere, but no increase in amyloid buildup or cognitive issues linked to it.

Contribution

The study is the first to show that unilateral carotid occlusion causes lateralized hypoperfusion without increased ipsilateral amyloid-β accumulation.

Findings

Ipsilateral cerebral perfusion was significantly lower compared to the contralateral hemisphere.

No significant difference in amyloid-β binding was found between hemispheres.

Neither perfusion nor amyloid-β levels were associated with cognitive performance.

Abstract

Carotid occlusive disease is a risk factor for cognitive decline. A possible underlying etiology is that hemodynamic impairment results in decreased cerebral perfusion, exacerbated amyloid-β accumulation (Aβ) and poorer cognitive performance.

We aimed to determine whether patients with unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion have less cerebral perfusion and more Aβ in the ipsilateral than in the contralateral hemisphere, and whether perfusion and Aβ are associated with cognitive functioning.

We included 20 patients (age 67.2 ± 7.0 years, 8 females, MMSE 29 [27–29]) with unilateral ICA occlusion, which underwent neuropsychological assessment and dynamic 18F-Florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET). Global and regional relative perfusion (R1) and binding potential (BPND) were obtained from the PET-images using a simplified reference tissue model. We performed Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to examine differences between hemispheres within subjects and linear regression to investigate associations with cognitive functioning.

Median global R1 was 0.911 (0.883–0.950) and global BPND was 0.172 (0.129–0.187). R1 was lower in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the ICA occlusion than in the contralateral hemisphere (0.899 [0.876–0.921] versus 0.935 [0.889–0.970]). BPND did not differ significantly between hemispheres (ipsilateral 0.172 [0.124–0.181] versus contralateral 0.168 [0.137–0.191]). Neither cerebral perfusion nor Aβ burden were associated with cognitive functioning.

Patients with unilateral ICA occlusion did not have more Aβ in the ipsilateral hemisphere than in the contralateral hemisphere despite ipsilateral hypoperfusion. Perfusion and Aβ were unrelated to cognitive functioning. This indicates that cognitive impairment in patients with ICA occlusion is not due to exacerbated Aβ accumulation.

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