# Bletilla striata polysaccharides ameliorate metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis

## TL;DR

This study shows that Bletilla striata polysaccharides reduce liver inflammation and damage in fatty liver disease by targeting a key inflammatory pathway.

## Contribution

The study reveals a novel therapeutic mechanism of Bletilla striata polysaccharides in treating metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.

## Key findings

- BSP-1 lowers liver enzymes and lipid levels in both rats and HepG2 cells.
- BSP-1 reduces inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in MASLD models.
- BSP-1 inhibits the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, reducing pyroptosis.

## Abstract

The role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis in the inflammatory microenvironment of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) has been posited as crucial. Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSPs), extracted from the tubers of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f., exhibit significant anti-inflammatory properties. However, their potential protective effects on MASLD and their role in regulating pyroptosis remain unclear.

This study investigates the efficacy of BSP-1, a purified metabolite isolated from crude BSPs, on MASLD by evaluating its ability to modulate the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

To simulate MASLD in vivo and in vitro, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rat models and free fatty acid (FFA)-stimulated HepG2 cells were used. Serum indicators and histopathological staining were employed to assess liver injury and lipid deposition. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blotting (WB) analysis were conducted to examine the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway and related cytokine levels.

BSP-1 significantly ameliorates alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels in both rat serum and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, BSP-1 reduces inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, while improving pathological changes in rat liver tissue. Mechanistically, BSP-1 regulates the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and mRNAs in the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, thereby protecting against MASLD.

BSP-1 may represent a promising therapeutic agent for MASLD treatment by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.