Oral Health Status of the Elderly Population in Iran

TL;DR

This study assesses the oral health of elderly Iranians, finding high rates of tooth decay, gum disease, and poorly fitting dentures.

Contribution

The study provides a detailed analysis of oral health issues in Iran's elderly population using a comprehensive geriatric assessment tool.

Findings

The mean DMFT score was 27.04, indicating significant dental caries.

33% of participants had mild to moderate periodontitis, and 30% experienced xerostomia.

67.45% of participants had severe tooth loss, and many had poorly fitted dentures.

Abstract

To evaluate the oral, periodontal, and dental health of the elderly population of Iran.

This was a cross‐sectional study as a part of the second wave of Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS), which is a community‐based prospective cohort study. The comprehensive geriatric oral health assessment tool was used for data collection. Data was collected through clinical examinations.

Among the 1017 participants, the mean DMFT was 27.04. 67% (n = 681) were periodontally healthy, while mild to moderate periodontitis was diagnosed in 33% (n = 336) and severe periodontitis in 2.4% (n = 24). Xerostomia was diagnosed in 30% (305 individuals). 56.10% (n = 570) had removable dentures, among which 30.21% (n = 172) had poor retention, and 36.26% (n = 207) had poor stability. Red/white and exophytic lesions were diagnosed in 18.36% (n = 187) and 11.35% (n = 115), respectively. Tooth loss was prevalent, with 12.19% (n = 124) having mild tooth loss, 20.35% (n = 207) mild to moderate tooth loss, and 67.45% (n = 686) experiencing severe tooth loss.

Our study revealed significant oral health challenges among the elderly population. High DMFT and the prevalence of xerostomia, periodontitis, tooth loss and poorly fitted dentures underscore the need for targeted dental care interventions. Comprehensive strategies, including raising awareness and improving access to oral healthcare, are essential to enhance the quality of life and overall health of the elderly population.

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