# Converting spring-born heifers into summer-calving herds increases subsequent cow longevity and productivity

## TL;DR

Using older heifers from an earlier calving season in a later calving herd improves cow longevity and productivity over five years.

## Contribution

Demonstrates that converting spring-born heifers to summer-calving herds enhances cow retention and productivity in resource-poor environments.

## Key findings

- Convert heifers had greater body weight at key intervals compared to May-born heifers.
- Retention rate was higher in Convert cows after five years compared to May-born cows.
- Total kilograms of calf weaned were greater in Convert cows than in May-born cows.

## Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of converting spring-born heifers into a summer-calving herd on growth, reproductive performance, longevity, and productivity compared to early or late-born May heifers. Over a 3-yr period, 273 Red Angus/Simmental crossbred heifers were utilized to determine the impact of converting March-born heifers (Convert; n = 90) to a May-calving herd compared to May-born heifers on reproductive performance, body weight, and calf performance from a yearling to 5 yr of age. May-born heifers were retrospectively grouped into 2 different groups: heifers born in the first 21-d of calving as a heifer calf (Early; n = 123) or heifers born after the 21-d of calving as a heifer calf (Late; n = 60). Heifers were exposed to bulls for a 45-d breeding season with a bull-to-heifer ratio of 1:20. Heifers were synchronized with a single injection of prostaglandin F2α (5-mL i.m.; Lutalyse, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) 5-d after bulls were introduced in the pasture for breeding. Data were analyzed as a randomized design using the MIXED procedure (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA). All binomial data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX. Heifer served as the experimental unit with treatment and year developed set as fixed effects. Heifer body weight (BW) at December, May, July, and pregnancy check (Oct) were greater (P < 0.01) for Convert heifers with no difference between Early and Late born heifers. Heifer body condition score (BCS) at pregnancy check was not different (P = 0.13) among heifer treatment groups. However, pregnancy rate tended (P = 0.08) to increase for Convert heifers with no difference between Early and Late born May heifers. After 5 yr of age, retention rate was increased (P = 0.05) in Convert cows compared to Early and Late May-born cows with no difference (P = 0.64) between the two May-born heifer groups. Total kilograms of calf weaned was greater (P = 0.04) in Convert cows than their counterparts with no differences (P = 0.94) between Early and Late May-born cows. This study implies that selecting replacement heifers from an earlier calving season for replacements in a later calving season increases the longevity and long-term productivity of the cowherd than selecting heifers within the same calving season. This may be even more important in resource-poor breeding environments that create reproductive challenges for heifers and rebreeding young cows.

Strategies to increase longevity and productivity of the cow herd is warranted. In this study, selecting older heifers from an earlier calving herd increases cow herd retention and overall productivity up to 5 yr of age compared to retaining heifers within the cow herd in semi-arid environments.