# Multifaceted roles of FD gene family in flowering, plant architecture, and adaptation

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the FD gene family's roles in plant development and adaptation, highlighting their potential for improving crops.

## Contribution

The paper systematically reviews FD gene functions and regulation in model plants and crops, emphasizing their breeding potential.

## Key findings

- FD genes regulate floral transition and have additional roles in plant development and hormone signaling.
- They contribute to plant adaptation and stress tolerance, making them valuable for crop improvement.
- The paper outlines molecular mechanisms and proposes future research directions for FD gene utilization.

## Abstract

FD gene family encodes transcription factors with a basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) domain that play an essential role in floral transition regulation, which is vital for plants’ reproduction. Recent studies have uncovered additional functions for FD gene family in plant development, hormone signaling, and response to environmental cues. These pleiotropic roles make them promising targets for modern crops’ breeding. Here, we systematically review the diverse functions and regulation mechanisms of FD gene family in model plants and several crops, to provide important insights into their roles. By summarizing the current understanding of their molecular mechanisms, we aim to highlight their potential as key targets for improving crop yield, stress tolerance, and adaptation to changing climates. Furthermore, we propose future research directions, these efforts will pave the way for the effective utilization of them in modern crop breeding programs.