# Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Recurrence with Bing–Neel Syndrome Presentation

## TL;DR

A rare case of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia recurrence as Bing-Neel syndrome is reported, highlighting the importance of early neurological evaluation in patients with a history of the disease.

## Contribution

This case report adds to the limited literature on Bing-Neel syndrome as a rare complication of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

## Key findings

- A 60-year-old patient with a history of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia developed Bing-Neel syndrome six years after recovery.
- MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Bing-Neel syndrome.
- The patient remained stable on ibrutinib treatment but developed a new subcortical lesion after one year.

## Abstract

Bing–Neel syndrome (BNS) is a rare condition that may occur in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) and is caused by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration into the central nervous system. BNS is an extramedullary manifestation of WM which may present with various neurological signs and symptoms that make the diagnosis difficult to achieve. We present a case of BNS in a 60-year-old patient diagnosed 6 years after recovering from Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. We observed the patient for a secondary generalized focal motor seizure. Unenhanced brain CT revealed slight hyperdensity of left parietal subarachnoid spaces. The MRI of the brain and spinal cord showed leptomeningeal enhancement in both parietal lobes. The presence of monoclonal bands (light chain k and IgM) was found in cerebrospinal fluid, leading to the diagnosis of BNS. The patient started treatment with ibrutinib and remains clinically stable during a 1-year follow-up. However, the MRI showed the appearance of a new subcortical left parietal lesion. BNS is an extremely rare presentation of WM that should be recognized and considered early in the presence of unexplained neurological symptoms in patients with a history of WM, even if the patient appears to have recovered.