# A rare case of intercostal-to-pulmonary artery fistula and its endovascular treatment in the setting of post pulmonary tuberculosis bronchiectasis and haemoptysis

## TL;DR

A rare case of a blood vessel connection between the intercostal and pulmonary arteries, caused by tuberculosis, was successfully treated with a minimally invasive procedure.

## Contribution

This case report presents a rare intercostal artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula in the context of post-TB bronchiectasis and its endovascular treatment.

## Key findings

- The patient had haemoptysis due to an intercostal artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula.
- Endovascular coiling was an effective treatment for the fistula.
- Radiological features helped in diagnosing the condition.

## Abstract

Intercostal artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula is an extremely rare variant of systemic artery-to-pulmonary artery fistulas (SA-PAFs). A case of a 38-year-old man presenting with clinically significant haemoptysis secondary to an intercostal artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula in the setting of post-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) bronchiectasis is described. The fistulae were successfully treated with endovascular coils.

This case report illustrates an intercostal artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula associated with post-primary tuberculosis bronchiectasis, highlighting its multimodal radiological features and successful endovascular treatment.