# Spinal cord injury and electrical stimulation: analysis of neuroplasticity in a case report

## TL;DR

This case report explores how electrical stimulation can aid recovery in spinal cord injury patients by promoting muscle activity and neuroplasticity.

## Contribution

The study presents two SCI cases showing neurological improvement through a year-long NMES treatment protocol.

## Key findings

- Neurological scores improved from AIS A to C and B to C in two SCI cases after 1 year of NMES.
- Electromyographic assessments showed increased muscle activity and successful knee extension.
- NMES is suggested as a promising rehabilitation method for SCI, though further controlled studies are needed.

## Abstract

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a highly prevalent condition, with just below 1 million new cases yearly, deriving for traumatic and non-traumatic causes. It is a significant cause for disability, greatly impacting quality of life of affected individuals, and as such, requires effective rehabilitation methods in order to maintain daily function. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) is a helpful treatment, stimulating muscle contraction and plasticity through electrical currents.

This is a Case-Report of two cases with different SCI causes, submitted to a 1-year treatment with NMES under identical protocols. ASIA neurological examination with AIS classification was performed before and after treatment, as well as surface Electromyographic assessment for the Vastus Lateralis and Rectus Femoris muscles bilaterally.

Neurological recovery was remarkable after 1 year, with AIS increasing from a score of A to C in the first case and B to C in the second. EMG assessment showed a bilateral increase of peak values as well as successful Quadriceps muscle contraction generating knee extension.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation may be a promising strategy in the rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries, with the potential to aid in functional recovery and modulation of neuroplasticity. Preliminary observations, such as those in this case report, suggest that the technique may be associated with improvements in mobility and quality of life in patients, although controlled studies are needed to confirm these effects.