# Dream Experiences During Intensive Care Unit Stay: Occurrence, Content, Vividness and Associated Factors

## TL;DR

Many ICU patients experience vivid, emotionally impactful dreams during their stay, which can persist after discharge and are linked to factors like younger age and delirium.

## Contribution

This study provides new insights into the prevalence, content, and psychological impact of ICU-related dream experiences and their association with delirium and perceptual disturbances.

## Key findings

- 79% of ICU patients reported vivid dream experiences, with 73% describing them as 'life-like'.
- Younger age and longer ICU stays were associated with more vivid dreams, and 62.5% of those with dreams had experienced delirium.
- Perceptual disturbances were common (50%), and many patients struggled to distinguish them from dreams.

## Abstract

Vivid dream experiences in the intensive care unit (ICU) are common, but poorly understood.

We investigated the occurrence, vividness, content, emotional impact and associated factors of dream experiences in the ICU.

Retrospective mixed methods study with subjects ≥ 18 years, previously admitted to the ICU for ≥ 4 days and/or due to COVID‐19, who were not sedated for ≥ 24 h during their stay (n = 80). Participants answered a retrospective questionnaire by telephone. Clinical data were collected from electronic health records.

The questionnaires were taken a median of 9 months post‐discharge. Dream experiences were reported by 79%. Of participants who recollected dream experiences, 73% reported “life‐like” dreams, 49% associated their dreams with negative emotions and 54% said their dreams impacted them even after awaking. Some participants (28.6%) continued to have similar dreams at home. After being asked if they had additional comments, some participants suggest receiving information during their hospital stay about the potential for vivid dream experiences could be beneficial. The dream content was often related to the ICU admission. Younger age and longer length of stay were related to vivid dream experiences. Of participants with dream experiences 62.5% had experienced delirium during their ICU stay. Perceptual disturbances were also frequently reported by participants (50%) and only 45% could clearly distinguish them from dream experiences. There was an overlap between participants reporting perceptual disturbances and confirmed delirium (70%).

Vivid dream experiences are common in ICU patients and often have a negative emotional impact. Future studies should dive deeper into effective ways to distinguish dreams, delirium and perceptual disturbances and how to reduce their impact.

ICU nurses should be aware of the occurrence and psychological burden of vivid negative dreams in ICU patients. Providing anticipatory support may help patients process these experiences during recovery.