# A framework to evaluate the thermal and energy performance of smart building systems in existing buildings: A case study on automated interior insulating window shades

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a framework to assess how smart building systems, like automated window shades, affect energy use in existing buildings.

## Contribution

A new methodological framework for evaluating smart building retrofits in existing buildings is proposed.

## Key findings

- The framework includes detailed guidance on study design, instrument selection, and uncertainty analysis.
- Long-term measurements in occupied buildings reveal realistic patterns and challenges.
- Practical considerations are provided to avoid disrupting building operations during evaluations.

## Abstract

This paper presents a methodological framework for evaluating the thermal and energy performance of smart building systems in existing buildings, with a focus on automated interior insulating window shades as an energy efficiency retrofit measure. The methodology is demonstrated through a case study of a high-rise building in which different shade control strategies were assessed. This paper provides comprehensive descriptions of the (i) development and implementation of the study design, (ii) selection and deployment of measurement instruments, (iii) analysis of various shade control strategies to quantify thermal and energy performance for heating, cooling, and ventilation energy end-uses, and (iv) quantification of the uncertainty associated with the measurements and calculations. This manuscript provides detailed, step-by-step and in-depth guidance to conduct such an evaluation. Overall, this paper:•Highlights the benefits, challenges, and limitations in conducting long-term measurements that capture realistic temporal, seasonal, and operational patterns in an occupied existing building.•Provides practical considerations for such measurements and analysis approaches, upon which future studies can build.•Emphasizes the importance of ensuring that the study design and measurements do not interfere with the building’s existing operations.

Highlights the benefits, challenges, and limitations in conducting long-term measurements that capture realistic temporal, seasonal, and operational patterns in an occupied existing building.

Provides practical considerations for such measurements and analysis approaches, upon which future studies can build.

Emphasizes the importance of ensuring that the study design and measurements do not interfere with the building’s existing operations.

Image, graphical abstract