# An efficient signature aggregation scheme with antenna hardware implementation for VANETs

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a secure and efficient signature aggregation scheme with a compact antenna for VANETs to improve road safety and communication efficiency.

## Contribution

A novel certificateless authentication scheme with signature aggregation and a compact antenna design for VANETs is proposed.

## Key findings

- The proposed protocol resists well-known attacks and reduces computational and communication overhead.
- The designed antenna performs efficiently at 5.90 GHz for DSRC-based LBI transfer.
- Simulation results validate the antenna's performance in terms of return loss, gain, and radiation efficiency.

## Abstract

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) plays a major role in enhancing road safety and traffic management. However, they suffer from security and scalability issues due to dynamic network conditions. Conventional signature aggregation schemes have high computational and communication cost limiting real-time efficiency. To overcome this issue, an efficient mutual certificateless anonymous authentication with signature aggregation is presented in this work. Moreover, a compact printed antenna using concentric octagonal rings based on the ‘Golden ratio’ principle is designed in this work. This antenna is used for the transfer of location-based information (LBI) at a frequency of 5.90 GHz inside the Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) band (802.11p) between the On-board unit (OBU) of the vehicle user and the roadside unit (RSU). Further, formal and informal security investigation shows the resistance of the proposed protocol against well-known attacks. Moreover, the efficiency of the suggested protocol is analysed in terms of security attributes, computational and communication overhead using the Cygwin platform with respect to relevant works. Finally, the performance of the designed antenna for the transfer of LBI is validated based on return loss, impedance bandwidth, gain, cross-polarization discrimination, back-lobe radiation, and radiation efficiency using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio (v2019).