# Views and experiences on writing certificates for assisted dying: interviews with Swedish physicians

## TL;DR

Swedish physicians face ethical dilemmas when deciding whether to write certificates for assisted dying in Switzerland, despite legal and professional uncertainties.

## Contribution

This study explores Swedish physicians' reasoning and opinions on writing certificates for assisted dying in a context where it is not legally permitted.

## Key findings

- Physicians felt it was important to understand patients' reasons for seeking assisted dying, including fears and existential concerns.
- Many physicians supported writing certificates for assisted dying in Switzerland, even if they were skeptical about legalizing it in Sweden.
- Participants expressed concerns about perceived obstacles and the professional role in enabling assisted dying.

## Abstract

The only legal option for Swedish patients who desire assisted dying (AD) is to travel to Switzerland. To access AD there, patients need medical certificates from their physicians. However, Swedish healthcare law and professional ethical guidelines lack clear directives on how physicians should handle such requests, which may place physicians in perceived ethical and professional dilemmas. How physicians reason about their professional involvement in writing such certificates has previously not been studied in a Swedish context. The aim of this study was to describe and explore physicians’ opinions and reasoning when confronted with requests for AD or requests to enable AD in Switzerland.

12 semi-structured interviews with physicians from different specialties (oncology, neurology, palliative care, psychiatry, general practice, internal medicine) were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Participants felt it was important to address the reasons why patients wanted to pursue AD, including addressing fears, optimizing care, and existential aspects. Participants felt that they should write certificates to enable AD, citing different reasons. Simultaneously, many participants argued that performing AD in Sweden should not be part of their professional role. Some participants were more positively inclined but were still concerned with perceived obstacles.

Participants were concerned with the underlying reasons for patients pursuing AD, hoping to address them. Interestingly, although many of the participants expressed skepticism towards AD and its legalization in Sweden, they still supported writing a medical certificate enabling AD in Switzerland.