# Age- and sex-specific impact on the progression of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma under active surveillance: a meta-analysis

## TL;DR

This study finds that older adults with low-risk thyroid cancer may have a lower risk of tumor progression during active surveillance compared to younger individuals, with no significant difference between men and women.

## Contribution

The study provides a meta-analysis of age- and sex-specific tumor progression risks in low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma under active surveillance.

## Key findings

- Older adults (30–50 years) had a 42% lower risk of tumor progression compared to younger individuals.
- No significant difference in tumor progression was found between male and female patients.
- The study included 8,641 patients across eight cohorts to assess progression under active surveillance.

## Abstract

The global incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is increasing significantly. In response, active surveillance (AS) has been promoted for Low-risk PTC owing to the absence of associated mortality. However, the association between age, sex, and risk of tumor progression remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the age- and sex-specific Impact on the progression of low-risk PTC.

PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for articles published up to 1 January 2024. Articles reporting patients with PTC undergoing AS were included. Studies involving patients who underwent total or partial thyroidectomy or radiofrequency ablation were excluded. Random- and fixed-effect models were applied to obtain pooled proportions and 95% CIs.

A total of 972 unique citations were screened and 39 full-text articles were reviewed, including eight cohorts. The mean or median age ranged from 41.5 to 53.1 years, with a predominant inclusion of female patients (76.39%–87.80%). The pooled risk ratio for tumor progression (a growth of 3 mm or more in maximal diameter or lymph node metastasis) in older adults (aged over 30–50 years) compared with younger individuals was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.47–0.71; 4,725 patients, six studies). However, for male patients, the pooled risk ratio for tumor progression compared with female individuals was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.64–1.93; 4,916 patients, six studies).

This meta-analysis suggests that advanced age may be associated with a lower risk of progression of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas during active surveillance. No significant differences were observed between sexes.