# Case Report: Molecular characterization of rabies virus transmitted from a dog to a bull in a livestock market in Ghana

## TL;DR

A rabid dog transmitted rabies to a bull in Ghana, and molecular analysis showed identical viruses in both animals with some genetic variations in the bull.

## Contribution

This case report provides the first molecular evidence of rabies transmission from a dog to a bull in Ghana.

## Key findings

- Rabies virus was confirmed in both the dog and the bull through RT-PCR and genome sequencing.
- The viruses from both animals were genetically identical, belonging to the Africa 2 clade.
- Sub-consensus variants were observed in the L gene of the bovine virus.

## Abstract

On the 24/09/2023, a video of a suspected rabid bull at a livestock market in Ghana was shared on social media and was seen by a local veterinary officer. This led to an on-site investigation by veterinary authorities on the 25/09/2023 which concluded that the bull had been bitten by a three-month old dog 4 days previously. The puppy, which was killed and buried after the bite, was subsequently exhumed, tested and confirmed positive for rabies. The bull was humanely destroyed. Brain tissue from the bull was collected and sent to the Accra Veterinary Laboratory for further analysis. RABV was confirmed by conventional RT-PCR and the full genome of the viruses from both animals were sequenced. The consensus sequences of the genomes belonging to the Africa 2 clade, were identical although sub-consensus variants in a subset of the sequences located in the RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (L) gene of the bovine virus were observed. The implication of these findings is discussed.