# External validation of the DAYS score for suspected deep vein thrombosis

## TL;DR

This study tested the DAYS score for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis and found it missed too many cases to be safe, while a new score performed slightly better but still had issues.

## Contribution

External validation of the DAYS score and a new DVT prediction tool in a Norwegian cohort.

## Key findings

- The DAYS score failed to meet the safety threshold by missing 2.4% of DVT cases.
- The new score missed fewer DVT cases (1.3%) but still exceeded the safety goal due to potential error range.
- The 2-tier Wells score had the lowest failure rate, missing only 2 DVT cases.

## Abstract

Diagnosing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) involves clinical assessment, D-dimer testing, and imaging. The DAYS score, a novel 2-item prediction tool combined with D-dimer, demonstrated promising performance but required external validation.

This study aimed to validate 2 DVT prediction scores: the DAYS score and a newly developed DVT score.

Data were collected from a prospective Norwegian DVT management study (2015-2018; NCT02486445). The DAYS score includes 2 items (DVT most likely diagnosis and calf swelling), while the new score comprises tenderness along the deep veins and previous venous thromboembolism. DVT was considered excluded if no items were present and D-dimer was < 1.0 μg/mL or if ≥1 item was present and D-dimer was < 0.5 μg/mL. The 2-tier Wells score served as the reference. Safety was defined as the number of missed DVT cases divided by the total number of patients classified as having DVT excluded and was set at 2%.

Among 1312 patients (median age, 64 years; IQR, 52-73 years; 55% women), 261 (20.0%) had confirmed DVT. The DAYS score excluded DVT in 455 patients (34.6%), of whom 11 were diagnosed with DVT (failure rate, 2.4 %; 95% CI, 1.2-4.2). The new score excluded DVT in 519 patients (39.6%) and missed 7 cases with confirmed DVT (failure rate, 1.3%; 95% CI, 0.5-2.8). The Wells score excluded DVT in 271 patients (20.6%), missing only 2 cases with confirmed DVT.

While both the DAYS score and the new score demonstrated low failure rates, they exceeded the predefined safety threshold.

•The new DAYS score for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) underwent external validation.•Data came from a Norwegian DVT study (2015-2018) including 1312 adults with suspected DVT.•The DAYS score did not meet the safety threshold, as it missed a significant number of DVT cases.•A novel score missed fewer DVTs, but its potential error range exceeded the goal.

The new DAYS score for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) underwent external validation.

Data came from a Norwegian DVT study (2015-2018) including 1312 adults with suspected DVT.

The DAYS score did not meet the safety threshold, as it missed a significant number of DVT cases.

A novel score missed fewer DVTs, but its potential error range exceeded the goal.