# Effect of orbital manifestations among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

## TL;DR

This study examines eye-related issues in type 2 diabetes patients and highlights the importance of comprehensive diabetes management.

## Contribution

The study provides a detailed analysis of orbital and anterior segment manifestations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

## Key findings

- Cataract was the most common orbital manifestation at 71%.
- Blepharitis and dry eye each affected 24% of patients.
- Mucormycosis and cranial nerve palsies were observed in 12% and 11% respectively.

## Abstract

Diabetes mellitus affects around 240 million people globally and it is projected to rise about 370 million by 2030. Therefore, it is
of interest to evaluate the orbital and anterior segment orbital manifestation among 91 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for ocular and
general examination. The distribution of symptoms was cataract (71%), blepharitis (24%), dry eye (24%), mucormycosis (12%), cranial
nerve palsies at 11%, recurrent changes in refraction (10%), primary open-angle glaucoma (5%), recurrent stye (4%), corneal ulcer (3%),
iridocyclitis (3%), orbital cellulitis (2%), rubeosis iridis (1%), and neovascular glaucoma (1%) respectively. Thus, effective diabetes
management should encompass patient counseling, nutritional guidance, lifestyle modifications, stringent blood glucose control and
evaluation of treatment effectiveness and adherence.