# Children's Trait Inference and Partner Choice in a Cooperative Game

## TL;DR

This study shows that children aged 7 start using observed traits to choose cooperative partners, but this ability depends on learning and task context.

## Contribution

The study reveals that trait inference for partner choice is learned and task-dependent, emerging around age 7.

## Key findings

- Trait inference does not naturally follow from action understanding but requires learning and task framing.
- Children aged 7 and older begin using trait inferences to guide partner selection in cooperative games.

## Abstract

A series of experiments conducted in Central Europe (Hungary, Austria) and East Asia (Japan) probed whether 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children (n = 436, 213 female) and adults (n = 71, 43 female; all data collected between July 2020 and May 2023) would infer traits and choose partners accordingly, in a novel touchscreen game. The participants observed third‐party actions and interactions of animated agents whose behavior varied in prosociality and skill, and subsequently selected whom to play with in potentially cooperative endeavors. Overall, the results indicate (1) that trait inference may not naturally follow from action understanding but relies on learning and experimental task framing, and (2) that by 7 years of age, children begin to capitalize on such inferences in partner choice.