# Synthesis of β-ketophosphonates through aerobic copper(II)-mediated phosphorylation of enol acetates

## TL;DR

A new copper-based method efficiently produces β-ketophosphonates using mild conditions and affordable materials.

## Contribution

A cost-effective aerobic copper(II)-mediated phosphorylation method for synthesizing β-ketophosphonates is introduced.

## Key findings

- Copper sulfate pentahydrate is an effective and inexpensive catalyst for phosphorylation under mild conditions.
- Anhydrous CuSO4 significantly reduces phosphorylation yields, highlighting the importance of copper's ligand environment.
- Common Cu(II) and Cu(I) salts like halides or nitrates are less effective or inert in this reaction.

## Abstract

Aerobic copper(II)-mediated phosphorylation of enol acetates with H-phosphonates leading to the formation of β-ketophosphonates was discovered. The proposed method is applicable to a wide range of H-phosphonates or phosphine oxides as PH-reagents and enol acetates. Unlike previous reports, which generally employed stoichiometric amounts of oxidants or more expensive transition metal catalysts, the present protocol employs only cheap copper sulfate pentahydrate as a catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The achieved phosphorylation proceeds via the formation of P-centered radicals produced by the oxidation of PH-reagents by copper(II)-containing species. Employing anhydrous CuSO4 instead of the pentahydrate led to a dramatic phosphorylation yield drop from 70 to <5%. It seems that the ligand environment of copper is very important for the effective reaction: other Cu(II) and Cu(I) salts, including halides, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, or perchlorate, were much less effective or completely inert.