# Bioactivity Profiling of Chemically Characterized Extract of Saudi Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches

## TL;DR

This study explores the chemical and health benefits of Saudi jackfruit extract, showing it has strong antioxidant and enzyme-inhibiting properties and potential as a cancer treatment.

## Contribution

The study provides a comprehensive chemical and pharmacological profile of Saudi jackfruit extract using both in vitro and in silico methods.

## Key findings

- The extract showed high antioxidant activity and significant enzyme inhibition against urease, tyrosinase, and α-amylase.
- EAHF exhibited cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231.
- In silico analysis confirmed the extract's potential for drug-like properties and enzyme interactions.

## Abstract

Artocarpus heterophyllus, also known as jackfruit, is recently introduced for cultivation in Saudi Arabia. In this study, the ethanolic extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus fruits (EAHF) was explored for its chemical and pharmacological properties. The EAHF was revealed with total phenolic contents (115.5 ± 5 mg GA.Eq.gm−1 DE), total flavonoid contents (77 ± 2.22 mg QU.Eq.gm−1 DE), and total tannin contents (59.33 ± 1.66 mg TA.Eq.gm−1 DE), while 81 phytocompounds were identified by the GC–MS analysis. The extract was found with maximum antioxidant activity in the FRAP method. EAHF showed significant thrombolytic (85.51%) and hemolytic (1.01%) activities. EAHF showed strong enzyme inhibition, against urease (95.65%), tyrosinase(71.01%), and α-amylase(28.17%). The extract showed cytotoxicity potential against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, selected compounds from the GC–MS profile were tested for in silico toxicity, ADMET, and molecular docking study to analyze the interactions between compounds and selected enzymes. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that the EAHF has pharmacological potential and could be a suitable therapeutic alternative for various common diseases. However, further, in vivo toxicological and pharmacological investigations are recommended on this extract.