# Histological response and blood glucose level in a diabetic animal model after the oral administration of Mucuna pruriens: A systematic review and meta-analysis

## TL;DR

This study reviews and analyzes how Mucuna pruriens affects blood sugar and organ health in diabetic animals, showing it can lower glucose and improve tissue regeneration.

## Contribution

The study provides the first comprehensive meta-analysis of Mucuna pruriens' effects on blood glucose and histological outcomes in diabetic animal models.

## Key findings

- MP extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels with a standardized mean difference of −18.36 (p < 0.01).
- Lower MP doses (≤100 mg/kg) were more effective for long-term glycemic control, while higher doses (≥200 mg/kg) worked better in the short term.
- Histological analysis showed MP's regenerative effects on the pancreas, liver, pituitary gland, and corpus cavernosum.

## Abstract

Mucuna pruriens (MP) has emerged as a promising natural antidiabetic agent due to its rich bioactive composition. Although numerous preclinical studies have reported its hypoglycemic and histological benefits, a comprehensive synthesis quantifying these effects has been lacking. This study systematically evaluated the dual impact of orally administered MP extract on histopathological changes and blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic literature search was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) without date restrictions. Eligible in vivo studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, and data were extracted following PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation tools. Histological outcomes were summarized descriptively, while blood glucose levels were analyzed quantitatively using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed based on MP concentration, duration of administration, and plant part used.

Sixteen studies were included, with 13 eligible for meta-analysis. MP extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels, with an overall standardized mean difference of −18.36 (95% confidence intervals: −21.22, −15.51; p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed that lower MP doses (≤100 mg/kg) achieved superior glycemic control with prolonged administration (>4 weeks), whereas higher doses (≥200 mg/kg) were most effective within 1–4 weeks. Histological analysis indicated regenerative effects of MP on the pancreas, liver, pituitary gland, and corpus cavernosum. Seed extracts exhibited a stronger hypoglycemic effect compared to leaf extracts. Potential publication bias was detected but was addressed through trim-and-fill analysis.

MP extract demonstrates significant antidiabetic potential through glycemic regulation and organ tissue restoration. Lower concentrations are preferable for long-term administration, while higher concentrations are optimal for short-term therapy. The findings advocate MP as a valuable candidate for integrative diabetes management strategies. Further clinical studies are recommended to validate its translational potential.