Attitudes of Jordanian Medical Students Toward People With Mental Illness

TL;DR

This study found that Jordanian medical students with more psychiatric training have less stigma toward mental illness, but those interested in psychiatry show more stigma in some areas.

Contribution

The study reveals the impact of psychiatric education and specialty preferences on stigma levels among Jordanian medical students.

Findings

Clinical-year students showed significantly less stigma than pre-clinical students.

Students with both classroom and clinical psychiatry training had more favorable attitudes.

Psychiatry-interested students showed more stigmatizing views in treatability and integration domains.

Abstract

Background

For people with mental illnesses, the stigma in the healthcare system and among healthcare providers has been identified as a major barrier to accessing treatment and achieving recovery, as well as poor physical treatment. This nationwide cross-sectional study assessed stigma toward mental illnesses among medical students in Jordan. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and patterns of stigma toward mental illnesses among medical students in Jordan and examine the influence of psychiatric education and specialty preferences on stigma levels.

Methodology

A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted between April 21 and April 30, 2021, targeting medical students from all six medical schools in Jordan. Participants completed a validated, structured, electronically distributed questionnaire assessing attitudes toward mental illness. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified three key domains, i.e., (1) Social Acceptance, (2) Policies to Promote Community Integration, and (3) Beliefs about Treatability of Mental Illness. Demographic information included age, academic year (pre-clinical vs. clinical), and psychiatric training exposure (classroom and/or clinical). Data analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 2,104 medical students participated. The age distribution was as follows: 24.8% were aged 18-19.9 years, 43.6% were aged 20-22.9 years, and 31.7% were aged ≥23 years. Participants included both pre-clinical and clinical-year students from diverse academic institutions across Jordan.

Results

Clinical-year students reported significantly higher (less stigmatizing) scores in all three domains compared to pre-clinical students (p < 0.001). Those exposed to both classroom and clinical psychiatry training showed more favorable attitudes than those with limited or no exposure. Students interested in psychiatry specialization exhibited lower (more stigmatizing) scores in the treatability and community integration domains compared to peers interested in surgical (p < 0.001, p = 0.003) and medical specialties (p < 0.001, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

While a majority of students expressed social acceptance and supported community integration of individuals with mental illness, stigma persisted in perceptions of treatability. Greater exposure to psychiatric education correlates with reduced stigma. Unexpectedly, students inclined toward psychiatry showed more stigmatizing views in some domains, warranting further investigation. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing mental health education across the medical curriculum.