# Self-control, academic anxiety, and mobile phone addiction: the moderating role of being an only child

## TL;DR

This study shows that academic anxiety links self-control and mobile phone addiction in middle school students, with only children being more vulnerable.

## Contribution

It identifies academic anxiety as a mediator and highlights the moderating role of being an only child in mobile phone addiction.

## Key findings

- Self-control negatively predicts academic anxiety and mobile phone addiction.
- Academic anxiety mediates the relationship between self-control and mobile phone addiction.
- Only children are more susceptible to mobile phone addiction as academic anxiety increases.

## Abstract

The prevalence of mobile phone addiction among adolescents is a growing concern with significant implications for psychological well-being and academic performance. The mediating role of academic anxiety (AA) in the relationship between self-control (SC) and mobile phone addiction (MPA) among middle school students deserves thorough investigation, particularly considering the significant moderating effect of Being an only child on these relationships.

A cross-sectional survey of 2,489 middle school students (1,257 girls and 1,232 boys) assessed SC, AA, and MPA. SC was measured using the Self-Control Scale, AA with the Academic Anxiety Scale (AAS), and MPA with the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI). Structural equation modeling analyzed the mediating and moderating effects.

Self-control significantly negatively predicted AA (β = −0.464, p < 0.001) and MPA (β = −0.563, p < 0.001). AA was identified as a significant mediator that positively predicted MPA (β = 0.173, p < 0.001) and mediated the relationship between SC and MPA (β = 0.081, 95%CI = [−0.10, −0.06]). The moderating effect of being an only child on the relationship between AA and MPA (β = −0.13, p < 0.001) was significant.

The empirical evidence substantiates the mediating role of AA in the relationship between SC and MPA, while simultaneously demonstrating that only children exhibit heightened susceptibility to MPA with increasing AA levels. Such observations significantly advance our understanding of the influence of family dynamics on MPA manifestation among adolescents.