# Malakoplakia Masquerading As Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review

## TL;DR

A rare inflammatory condition called malakoplakia was mistaken for cancer in a young man, highlighting the need for careful diagnosis to prevent kidney damage.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges of malakoplakia mimicking urothelial carcinoma and emphasizes the importance of detailed histopathology.

## Key findings

- Malakoplakia was misdiagnosed as urothelial carcinoma in an 18-year-old male.
- Accurate diagnosis required extensive histopathological analysis revealing Michaelis-Gutmann bodies.
- Management included endoscopic resection and ureteral stenting to prevent renal complications.

## Abstract

Malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the urinary tract, characterized by granulomatous reactions and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. It typically presents with nonspecific urinary symptoms, mimicking malignancies radiologically and histologically, thereby complicating diagnosis. This case describes an uncommon presentation in an 18-year-old male with hematuria and dysuria, initially misdiagnosed as a urothelial neoplasm. Accurate diagnosis required extensive histopathological analysis, revealing classic malakoplakia features. Management included endoscopic resection and ureteral stenting. This emphasizes the diagnostic challenges posed by malakoplakia, the importance of careful multidisciplinary evaluation, detailed histopathology for correct identification, and the need for early intervention and follow-up to avoid renal complications.