# Energy-based jamming pattern open set recognition via spiking wavelet transformer

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method for recognizing known and unknown jamming patterns in communication systems using a combination of spiking wavelet transforms and energy-based models.

## Contribution

The novel framework combines spiking wavelet transformer, hyperspherical maximum class separation, and an energy-based model with adaptive threshold for open set jamming pattern recognition.

## Key findings

- The proposed framework effectively captures temporal and spectral patterns of jamming signals using spiking wavelet transforms.
- The energy-based model with adaptive threshold improves recognition accuracy for both known and unknown jamming patterns.
- Simulation experiments confirm the superiority of the method in jamming pattern open set recognition.

## Abstract

Jamming pattern recognition (JPR) is critical in modern communication systems, including civil, and industrial applications, where complex and unpredictable jamming patterns (JPs) frequently disrupt normal operations. Accurately identifying known JPs while detecting unknown JPs is essential for maintaining robust communication. This paper tackles the jamming pattern open set recognition (JP-OSR) challenge by proposing a novel framework that integrates three key components: Spiking Wavelet Transformer (SWT), Hyperspherical Maximum Class Separation (MCS), and an energy-based model with an adaptive threshold. The framework begins by extracting high-resolution time-frequency features through the SWT, effectively capturing the intricate temporal and spectral patterns of jamming signals. These features are then aligned in a hyperspherical space using MCS to maximize class separation and improve inter-class distinctions. To address the variability in feature distributions across different Jamming-to-Signal Ratios (JSR) and JPs, the proposed energy-based model dynamically adjusts the threshold, enabling accurate recognition of both known and unknown jamming types. Simulation experiments have validated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method for JP-OSR.